A3C / A2C
Best for: Parallel RL training
How it works
$$\nabla_\theta J=\mathbb{E}\bigl[\nabla_\theta\log\pi_\theta(a_t\mid s_t)\,(R_t-V_w(s_t))\bigr]$$Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic runs many parallel workers, each gathering $n$-step returns $R_t=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\gamma^k r_{t+k}+\gamma^n V_w(s_{t+n})$ and pushing gradients into shared actor and critic parameters. The advantage $A_t=R_t-V_w(s_t)$ centres the $n$-step return, and the actor update is $\nabla_\theta\log\pi_\theta(a_t\mid s_t)\,A_t$ plus an entropy regulariser $-\beta\nabla_\theta H(\pi_\theta)$. A2C is the synchronous, single-clock equivalent that batches workers together and is typically faster on GPUs.
Common fields
Simulation · games